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In sound processing, the mel-frequency cepstrum (MFC) is a representation of the short-term power spectrum of a sound, based on a linear cosine transform of a log power spectrum on a nonlinear mel scale of frequency. Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) are coefficients that collectively make up an MFC. They are derived from a type of cepstral representation of the audio clip (a nonlinear "spectrum-of-a-spectrum"). The difference between the cepstrum and the mel-frequency cepstrum is that in the MFC, the frequency bands are equally spaced on the mel scale, which approximates the human auditory system's response more closely than the linearly-spaced frequency bands used in the normal cepstrum. This frequency warping can allow for better representation of sound, for example, in audio compression. MFCCs are commonly derived as follows: # Take the Fourier transform of (a windowed excerpt of) a signal. # Map the powers of the spectrum obtained above onto the mel scale, using triangular overlapping windows. # Take the logs of the powers at each of the mel frequencies. # Take the discrete cosine transform of the list of mel log powers, as if it were a signal. # The MFCCs are the amplitudes of the resulting spectrum. There can be variations on this process, for example: differences in the shape or spacing of the windows used to map the scale,〔Fang Zheng, Guoliang Zhang and Zhanjiang Song (2001), "(Comparison of Different Implementations of MFCC )," ''J. Computer Science & Technology,'' 16(6): 582–589.〕 or addition of dynamics features such as "delta" and "delta-delta" (first- and second-order frame-to-frame difference) coefficients.〔S. Furui (1986), "Speaker-independent isolated word recognition based on emphasized spectral dynamics"〕 The European Telecommunications Standards Institute in the early 2000s defined a standardised MFCC algorithm to be used in mobile phones.〔European Telecommunications Standards Institute (2003), (Speech Processing, Transmission and Quality Aspects (STQ); Distributed speech recognition; Front-end feature extraction algorithm; Compression algorithms ). Technical standard ES 201 108, v1.1.3.〕 == Applications == MFCCs are commonly used as features in speech recognition systems, such as the systems which can automatically recognize numbers spoken into a telephone. They are also common in speaker recognition, which is the task of recognizing people from their voices.〔T. Ganchev, N. Fakotakis, and G. Kokkinakis (2005), "(Comparative evaluation of various MFCC implementations on the speaker verification task )," in ''10th International Conference on Speech and Computer (SPECOM 2005),'' Vol. 1, pp. 191–194.〕 MFCCs are also increasingly finding uses in music information retrieval applications such as genre classification, audio similarity measures, etc.〔 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mel-frequency cepstrum」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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